unload manual page - Tcl Built-In Commands

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NAME

unload — Unload machine code

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

-nocomplain

-keeplibrary

UNLOAD OPERATION

UNLOAD HOOK PROTOTYPE

Unix

SYNOPSIS

unload ?switches? fileName
unload ?switches? fileName prefix
unload ?switches? fileName prefix interp

This command tries to unload shared libraries previously loaded with load from the application's address space. fileName is the name of the file containing the library file to be unload; it must be the same as the filename provided to load for loading the library. The prefix argument is the prefix (as determined by or passed to load), and is used to compute the name of the unload procedure; if not supplied, it is computed from fileName in the same manner as load. The interp argument is the path name of the interpreter from which to unload the package (see the interp manual entry for details); if interp is omitted, it defaults to the interpreter in which the unload command was invoked.

If the initial arguments to unload start with - then they are treated as switches. The following switches are currently supported:

-nocomplain: Suppresses all error messages. If this switch is given, unload will never report an error.
-keeplibrary: This switch will prevent unload from issuing the operating system call that will unload the library from the process.
--: Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one will be treated as a fileName even if it starts with a -.

UNLOAD OPERATION

When a file containing a shared library is loaded through the load command, Tcl associates two reference counts to the library file. The first counter shows how many times the library has been loaded into normal (trusted) interpreters while the second describes how many times the library has been loaded into safe interpreters. As a file containing a shared library can be loaded only once by Tcl (with the first load call on the file), these counters track how many interpreters use the library. Each subsequent call to load after the first simply increments the proper reference count.

unload works in the opposite direction. As a first step, unload will check whether the library is unloadable: an unloadable library exports a special unload procedure. The name of the unload procedure is determined by prefix and whether or not the target interpreter is a safe one. For normal interpreters the name of the initialization procedure will have the form pfx_Unload, where pfx is the same as prefix except that the first letter is converted to upper case and all other letters are converted to lower case. For example, if prefix is foo or FOo, the initialization procedure's name will be Foo_Unload. If the target interpreter is a safe interpreter, then the name of the initialization procedure will be pkg_SafeUnload instead of pkg_Unload.

If unload determines that a library is not unloadable (or unload functionality has been disabled during compilation), an error will be returned. If the library is unloadable, then unload will call the unload procedure. If the unload procedure returns TCL_OK, unload will proceed and decrease the proper reference count (depending on the target interpreter type). When both reference counts have reached 0, the library will be detached from the process.

UNLOAD HOOK PROTOTYPE

The unload procedure must match the following prototype:

typedef int Tcl_LibraryUnloadProc(
        Tcl_Interp *interp,
        int flags);

The interp argument identifies the interpreter from which the library is to be unloaded. The unload procedure must return TCL_OK or TCL_ERROR to indicate whether or not it completed successfully; in the event of an error it should set the interpreter's result to point to an error message. In this case, the result of the unload command will be the result returned by the unload procedure.

The flags argument can be either TCL_UNLOAD_DETACH_FROM_INTERPRETER or TCL_UNLOAD_DETACH_FROM_PROCESS. In case the library will remain attached to the process after the unload procedure returns (i.e. because the library is used by other interpreters), TCL_UNLOAD_DETACH_FROM_INTERPRETER will be defined. However, if the library is used only by the target interpreter and the library will be detached from the application as soon as the unload procedure returns, the flags argument will be set to TCL_UNLOAD_DETACH_FROM_PROCESS.

NOTES

The unload command cannot unload libraries that are statically linked with the application. If fileName is an empty string, then the prefix argument must be specified.

If prefix is omitted or specified as an empty string, Tcl tries to guess the prefix. This may be done differently on different platforms. The default guess, which is used on most UNIX platforms, is to take the last element of fileName, strip off the first three characters if they are lib, then strip off the next three characters if they are tcl, and use any following alphabetic and underline characters, converted to titlecase as the prefix. For example, the command unload libxyz4.2.so uses the prefix Xyz and the command unload bin/last.so {} uses the prefix Last.

PORTABILITY ISSUES

Unix: Not all unix operating systems support library unloading. Under such an operating system unload returns an error (unless -nocomplain has been specified).

BUGS

If the same file is loaded by different fileNames, it will be loaded into the process's address space multiple times. The behavior of this varies from system to system (some systems may detect the redundant loads, others may not). In case a library has been silently detached by the operating system (and as a result Tcl thinks the library is still loaded), it may be dangerous to use unload on such a library (as the library will be completely detached from the application while some interpreters will continue to use it).

EXAMPLE

If an unloadable module in the file foobar.dll had been loaded using the load command like this (on Windows):

load c:/some/dir/foobar.dll

then it would be unloaded like this:

unload c:/some/dir/foobar.dll

This allows a C code module to be installed temporarily into a long-running Tcl program and then removed again (either because it is no longer needed or because it is being updated with a new version) without having to shut down the overall Tcl process.

KEYWORDS

binary code, unloading, safe interpreter, shared library